Constitutional Law

Constitution of Fiji

This site contains the full-text of the Constitution of Fiji made freely available in English by International Constitutional Law (ICL) at the University of Bern in Switzerland. The Constitution was adopted in 1988 and this version includes amendments made up to 2000. The document covers the state, citizenship, a Bill of Rights, social justice, Parliament, executive government, the Great Council of Chiefs, the judiciary, accountability and emergency powers.There is background and historical information relating to the Constitution and a link to the Fiji Government website.

Constitution of Hong Kong

This site contains the full-text of the Constitution of Hong Kong which is made freely available in English by International Constitutional Law (ICL) at the University of Bern in Switzerland. The Constitution was adopted in 1990 and covers the relationship between the central authorities (in China) and Hong Kong, fundamental rights and duties of residents, political structure, economy, a section on education, science, culture, sport, religion, labour and social service and external affairs.

Constitution of Iran

This site contains the full-text of the Constitution of Iran which is made freely available in English by International Constitutional Law (ICL) at the University of Bern in Switzerland. The Constitution was adopted in 1979 and this version includes amendments made in 1989. The document covers the official language, script, calendar and flag, the rights of the people, the economy and financial affairs, the right of national sovereignty, legislative powers, executive power, the leadership council, the judiciary and foreign policy.

Constitution of Iraq

This site contains the full-text of the Interim Constitution of Iraq (the Transitional Administrative Law) which is made freely available in English by International Constitutional Law (ICL) at the University of Bern in Switzerland. The Constitution is in effect until a permanent Constitution is adopted in 2005. The site also provides background and historical notes, access to the 1990 Interim Constitution and the draft Constitution written by opposition groups in 1999.

Constitution of Japan

The Constitution of Japan in English, provided by the International Constitutional Law (ICL) project at the University of Bern in Switzerland. The Constitution was adopted in 1946 and covers the Emperor, a renunciation of war, the rights and duties of the people, the Diet, the Cabinet, the judiciary, finance and local government. There are links to the Japan Supreme Court and the library of the National Diet. The site also has background notes and historical information relating to the Constitution.

Constitution of Kuwait

English text of the Constitution of Kuwait, provided by International Constitutional Law (ICL) at the University of Bern in Switzerland. The Constitution was adopted in 1962. The site highlights key points in the Constitution and provides brief background information as well as the Constitution itself.

Constitution of Latvia

English text of the Constitution of Latvia, as amended to 2003, on the website of the International Constitutional Law (ICL) project at the University of Bern, Switzerland. The Constitution covers the Parliament, the President, the Government, the courts, the Office of the Comptroller General and fundamental human rights. Various other constitutional documents can be found on the same site. There are also links to the Latvian Parliament website and to a French-language website providing the Constitution, Latvian treaties and related materials.

Constitution of Canada

Canada does not have a written Constitution but a number of constitutional acts which are provided on this site in full-text by International Constitutional Law (ICL) at the University of Bern in Switzerland.These include the Constitution Acts of 1864, 1871 and 1982. The site has links to other sites providing access to additional constitutional documents. There are also background notes to Canada's constitutional history including brief details of the separatist movement in Quebec.

Constitution of Brazil

This site contains the full-text of the Constitution of Brazil which is made freely available in English by International Constitutional Law (ICL) at the University of Bern in Switzerland. The Constitution was adopted in 1988 and this version includes various revisions and amendments. The Constitution covers state principles, powers and objectives, fundamental rights and guarantees, organisation of the state, taxation, finance and social order. The site includes other constitutional documents and provides notes on the history and reform of the Constitution.

Center for Comparative Constitutionalism

The Center for Comparative Constitutionalism (CCC) at the University of Chicago is concerned with the study of constitutional rights and "the wide range of ways in which societies attempt to secure constitutional rights to their citizens." The CCC's website gives details of the Center's projects and events including study papers which can be downloaded in PDF format and lectures which can be heard in RealOne Player or Quicktime Player (both of which can be freely downloaded on the site).

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