Constitutional Law

Nederlandse Grondwet

This website gives an overview of the development of the Dutch Constitution from the late eighteenth century to the present day, with information about pending changes. It includes translations of the current Constitution into English, French, German and Spanish, but most of the content is in Dutch. To find the translations, keep clicking on the links under each article of the current Constitution (‘Huidige Grondwet’).

Constitution of Belgium

This site contains the full text of the 1994 Belgian Constitution, made freely available in English by International Constitutional Law (ICL) at the University of Bern in Switzerland. A constitutional background is provided including history and revisions. The Constitution covers the structure of the state, citizens’ rights, the legislature, the monarchy, the executive, provincial, regional and local government and bodies, the judiciary and constitutional court, international relations, finance, the army and police and the revision of the constitution.

Political Database of the Americas

A non governmental project maintained by the Center for Latin American Studies at Georgetown University, USA in collaboration with other bodies. It was started in 1995. A principal feature of the site is a study of the constitutions of the Latin American countries, with the full text of the relevant Constitution. For each country suggestions are made of additional supporting literature but only the bibliographical information is available. There is also background information about other topics including the electoral system and political parties of the countries.

Kiribati consolidated legislation

From the Kiribati section of the PACLII database. This database contains electronic versions of selected legislation from the 1980 revised edition of the Laws of Kiribati, including the Constitution of Kiribati. A separate database contains the session laws from subsequent years. Content can be browsed alphabetically, or accessed via a hyper-linked index at the foot of the page. There is also a clear link to a search page where this data-file can be selected to be searched across.

Supreme Court of Ireland

The website of the Supreme Court of Ireland provides information about the Court and about the Irish legal system generally. It makes available the ordinary judgments of the Court from 2001 onwards, and decisions on Article 26 references (parliamentary bills referred to the Court under Art. 26 of the Constitution) from 1940 onwards. The site also includes the Constitution of Ireland and a short bibliography of Irish constitutional law. It can be viewed in English or Irish; there are also general information pages in French and German.

Constitution Unit Blog

The Constitution Unit is a UCL research centre whose work focuses on constitutional change. Its blog covers aspects of constitutional law including parliament, elections and referendums, parties and politicians, judiciary and human rights and monarchy, church and state. Constitution Unit reports, details of current research, and other information about the Unit can be accessed from this page.

Gammel's The Laws of Texas 1822-1897

Digitised version Gammel's 'The Laws of Texas', provided by the Government Documents Department of the University of North Texas Libraries. Gammel's work is a compilation of the laws of the US State of Texas from 1822 to 1897, including early colonisation laws, constitutions, congressional sessions, legislative sessions and select journals. The site has been designed to replicate a traditional page-by-page reading experience and includes a digitised version of the original Analytical Index, which is arranged alphabetically.

European Commission for Democracy through Law

The European Commission for Democracy through Law, known as the Venice Commission, is a Council of Europe body that was established in 1990. Originally set up to assist Eastern European countries in the re-engineering of their constitutions, it now monitors and provides assistance to countries all around the world and has more than 60 member states. The website outlines the Commission's activities, which include providing advice and training to individual states on constitutional matters, elections and referendums and constitutional justice.

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